应用命令、工作表标识符和示例数据值保留原文。截图、图表和下载文件均为英文。
示例： 包装袋封口不牢
团队正在调查配件包装袋间歇性封口不牢的问题。此示例包含六个类别、12 个原因、24 个子原因、六项计划调查及六项后续行动。尚未确定任何原因。
下载层级结构参考（CSV，英文）此示例与 Help 中使用的示例相同。在那里打开练习副本，可加载完整图及关联任务。CSV 文件描述层级结构、计划、证据请求和评论；将 CSV 导入工作表不会加载鱼骨图项目。
1. 打开练习图
在侧边栏中打开 Data utilities，选择 Fishbone Diagram。在 Help 中找到 Investigate intermittent weak pouch seals，选择 Open example in a practice copy。练习编辑器与您当前的图相互独立。
2. 选择一个可能原因
在 Diagram 中选择 Outline。选择 People 下的 Different interpretations of seal acceptance。选择 Fit selection 查看该分支，然后在检查器中打开 Details。
此标签是一种拟议解释，选中它并不表示已确认该原因。
3. 打开调查
在 Details 的 Investigations 下，打开 How consistently are borderline seals classified?。Analysis 选项卡会打开该调查的编辑器。
阅读 Check plan 和 Assignee。在此示例中，将 Status 保持为 Not started。Findings 和 Conclusion 为空，Evidence (0) 表示尚未附加任何证据。Legacy / general notes 中将所请求的记录标为 not collected。
4. 保存到结果
选择 Save to results，保存一份独立的练习快照。编辑已保存的练习结果后，使用 Save changes 更新它，或使用 Save as new snapshot 保留另一个版本。
5. 解读结果
从问题入手
先阅读图头部的封口不牢问题。六条分支组织了 12 个可能原因及 24 个更具体的子原因。它们均为未经检验的假设，在图中的位置并不表示其可能性大小。
英文图表：包装袋间歇性封口不牢的六类可能解释。分支用于组织假设，尚无任何原因得到确认。 查看原尺寸图表 （在新标签页中打开） 阅读一项计划检查
在人员分支下打开“临界封口的分类一致性如何？”调查。其检查计划要求对同一组保留样例进行独立分类，负责人为生产主管。状态为未开始，调查发现和结论均为空。计划说明需要检查什么，目前尚无结果。
检查现有证据
此调查显示 Evidence (0)。其常规备注请求提供分类记录，并标为“尚未收集”。请求并非观测结果。讨论评论同样只是问题和建议，并非有证据支持的结论。
阅读关联行动
关联行动要求团队收集一组共用封口样例，并记录独立分类结果，状态为待办。此示例共包含六项计划调查和六项证据收集行动。它们均未确定原因，也不能说明封口不牢问题已解决。
选择下一项检查
商定如何对保留样例分类，收集证据，并在 Findings（调查发现）中记录观测到的情况。使用 Conclusion（结论）说明证据支持什么。只有调查发现提供支持时，才将 Status 更改为“已确认原因”（Confirmed cause）、“已排除”（Ruled out）或“无法定论”（Inconclusive）。将练习工作保存为独立结果。
更多详情：阅读各结果部分
完整结果表采用六位有效数字，与 Help 中一致。
调查与行动计划
此表包含全部 12 项任务：六项调查和六项关联行动。分支用于定位假设；类型用于区分检查和行动。任务说明工作内容，负责人给出负责角色，状态显示进度。备注保留源 ID，并明确标注尚未收集的证据。检查计划 / 目的给出计划检查或行动目的。首项调查的状态为未开始，关联行动的状态为待办。编辑器中的调查发现和结论均为空。
| 分支 | 类型 | 任务 | 负责人 | 状态 | 备注 | 检查计划 / 目的 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People → Different interpretations of seal acceptance | investigation | How consistently are borderline seals classified? | Production supervisor | Not started | Source investigation: INV01 Requested evidence (not collected): EV01 — Independent classifications of a common set of seal examples. (classification_record); source node C0101 | Compare independent classifications of a common set of retained examples. |
| People → Different interpretations of seal acceptance | action | Gather a shared set of seal examples and record independent classifications. | Production supervisor | To do | Source action: ACT01; investigation: INV01; node: C0101 | Follow-up / evidence gathering |
| Equipment → Uneven jaw contact | investigation | Does contact pressure vary across the jaw? | Maintenance technician | Not started | Source investigation: INV02 Requested evidence (not collected): EV02 — Jaw-contact check record showing position, settings, and check method. (contact_check_record); source node C0201 | Document contact distribution at fixed settings before making adjustments. |
| Equipment → Uneven jaw contact | action | Arrange a jaw-contact check and preserve the original check record. | Maintenance technician | To do | Source action: ACT02; investigation: INV02; node: C0201 | Follow-up / evidence gathering |
| Methods → Startup sequence may vary | investigation | Is the startup release sequence consistent? | Process engineer | Not started | Source investigation: INV03 Requested evidence (not collected): EV03 — Startup sequence, warm-up timing, and first-off sampling records. (startup_observation_log); source node C0301 | Compare recorded startup steps and timing for several changeovers. |
| Methods → Startup sequence may vary | action | Collect changeover records and document the sequence used during observed startups. | Process engineer | To do | Source action: ACT03; investigation: INV03; node: C0301 | Follow-up / evidence gathering |
| Materials → Sealing-layer properties may vary | investigation | Are film-lot properties comparable? | Materials engineer | Not started | Source investigation: INV04 Requested evidence (not collected): EV04 — Incoming material records and supplier declarations linked to film-lot identifiers. (material_lot_record); source node C0401 | Link lot identifiers with available incoming and supplier material records. |
| Materials → Sealing-layer properties may vary | action | Assemble lot-level material records and retain identifiers for sampled pouches. | Materials engineer | To do | Source action: ACT04; investigation: INV04; node: C0401 | Follow-up / evidence gathering |
| Measurement → Peel-test conditions may vary | investigation | Are peel-test conditions comparable? | Laboratory technician | Not started | Source investigation: INV05 Requested evidence (not collected): EV05 — Peel-test method revision, strip-width record, and pull-speed setting. (test_method_record); source node C0501 | Compare strip preparation, method revision, and pull-speed records. |
| Measurement → Peel-test conditions may vary | action | Collect test-method revisions and document strip preparation on a shared sample. | Laboratory technician | To do | Source action: ACT05; investigation: INV05; node: C0501 | Follow-up / evidence gathering |
| Environment → Local drafts may cool the sealing area | investigation | Does local airflow change near the jaw? | Facilities coordinator | Not started | Source investigation: INV06 Requested evidence (not collected): EV06 — Local airflow observations with door state and extraction settings. (airflow_observation_log); source node C0601 | Document airflow around the sealing area under routine door and extraction conditions. |
| Environment → Local drafts may cool the sealing area | action | Plan local airflow observations without changing normal production settings. | Facilities coordinator | To do | Source action: ACT06; investigation: INV06; node: C0601 | Follow-up / evidence gathering |
6. 创建报告
保留 Cause and effect diagram 和完整的 Investigation and action plan。该计划包含全部六项调查和六项行动。如需查看源层级结构、证据请求或评论，请一并保留配套的英文下载文件。编辑器中的 Export CSV 使用当前任务筛选条件；在 Task scope 中选择 All branches，可导出整个图中的任务。
在已完成的运行中选择 Add to report 。打开 Choose individual items and advanced options 以选择表格和图表，然后选择 Add to draft。隐藏的项目仍会保留在已保存的分析中。
为报告命名，并添加研究目的和您的解读。选择 Save，查看 Preview，然后使用 Export → Download HTML。以下示例包含全部已选内容，包括超出单屏显示范围的结果。