应用命令、工作表标识符和示例数据值保留原文。截图、图表和下载文件均为英文。
示例： 焊接缺陷
制造车间检验了 40 个焊接支架装配件样本。样本量不同，但各装配件的设计和受检焊缝长度相同。
下载焊接缺陷示例（CSV，英文列名）此 Help 示例每行对应一个样本。sample_id 标识样本，assemblies_inspected 统计装配件数量，weld_defects 统计全部缺陷个数。一个装配件可以有多个缺陷。
1. 创建控制图工作区
在侧边栏中打开 Process control，选择 u Chart，并为分析命名。选择 New blank worksheet 和 Create analysis。
2. 导入数据
在 Worksheet 中选择 Import。选择已下载的文件或粘贴其内容。将分隔符设为 Comma，使用 Decimal dot，并选中 First row contains column names。预览导入内容，然后选择 Import into worksheet。保持数据行的采集顺序。
3. 指定输入列
在 Inputs 中，使用各字段的列选择器，将 sample_id 指定给 Subgroup label，将 weld_defects 指定给 Number of nonconformities，将 assemblies_inspected 指定给 Inspection units。此处一个检验单位就是一个装配件。应用将各缺陷计数除以相应的装配件数量。
打开 Western Electric / AIAG rules。将全部五项可选规则保持为 On：7-point trend、6 on one side、14 alternating、2 of 3 beyond 2σ 和 4 of 5 beyond 1σ。
4. 运行分析
选择 Run analysis，然后打开 Results。
5. 解读结果
理解每个点
每个点为焊接缺陷数除以受检装配件数。首个样本的 10 个装配件有 4 个缺陷：4 / 10 = 0.400 个缺陷/装配件。一个装配件可以有多个缺陷，因此此缺陷率可以大于一。
将缺陷率与控制限比较
合并缺陷率为每个装配件 0.7601 个缺陷。WLD34、WLD36、WLD37 和 WLD39 超出各自的上控制限。样本包含 10–30 个装配件，因此各点的控制限反映相应的检验数量。
英文图表：40 个样本中每个装配件的焊接缺陷数。控制限反映各样本的检验数量。 查看原尺寸图表 （在新标签页中打开） 解读突出显示的点
突出显示的点可能超出控制限，也可能属于控制限内的模式。同一样本可能触发多项规则。将装配件数量与各缺陷率一并保留；样本量不同时，原始缺陷总数无法直接比较。
决定调查方向
检查 WLD34、WLD36、WLD37 和 WLD39 的缺陷及检验记录。确认各装配件的受检焊缝长度可比。控制图定位异常缺陷率，但不能确定原因。
更多详情：阅读各结果部分
完整结果表采用六位有效数字，与 Help 中一致。
u 控制图摘要
此缺陷率为焊接缺陷数除以受检装配件数，并非除以焊缝长度。一个装配件可以有多个缺陷，因此缺陷率可超过一。应确认各装配件的检验机会可比。
| 统计量 / 设置 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 子组数（k） | 40 |
| 整体单位不合格项数（ū） | 0.760052 |
| 最少检验单位数 | 10 |
| 最多检验单位数 | 30 |
| 超限检测 | On |
| 7-point trend | On |
| 6 on one side | On |
| 14 alternating | On |
| 2 of 3 beyond 2σ | On |
| 4 of 5 beyond 1σ | On |
- 控制限和分区使用各子组的样本量或机会数。
u 值、控制限和分区
每行列出缺陷数、受检装配件数、每个装配件的缺陷数及该样本的控制限。使用 WLD 标签查找源检验记录。分母不同时，应比较缺陷率而非原始计数。
| 子组 | 标签 | 缺陷数 | 机会数 | u | CL | LCL | UCL | −1σ | +1σ | −2σ | +2σ | 信号 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WLD01 | 4 | 10 | 0.4 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.58712 | 0.484361 | 1.03574 | 0.208671 | 1.31143 | 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 2 | WLD02 | 12 | 30 | 0.4 | 0.760052 | 0.282542 | 1.23756 | 0.600882 | 0.919222 | 0.441712 | 1.07839 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 3 | WLD03 | 3 | 10 | 0.3 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.58712 | 0.484361 | 1.03574 | 0.208671 | 1.31143 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 4 | WLD04 | 17 | 23 | 0.73913 | 0.760052 | 0.214697 | 1.30541 | 0.578267 | 0.941837 | 0.396482 | 1.12362 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side |
| 5 | WLD05 | 13 | 26 | 0.5 | 0.760052 | 0.247124 | 1.27298 | 0.589076 | 0.931028 | 0.4181 | 1.102 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 6 | WLD06 | 12 | 22 | 0.545455 | 0.760052 | 0.202441 | 1.31766 | 0.574181 | 0.945922 | 0.388311 | 1.13179 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 7 | WLD07 | 8 | 13 | 0.615385 | 0.760052 | 0.0346625 | 1.48544 | 0.518255 | 1.00185 | 0.276459 | 1.24364 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side |
| 8 | WLD08 | 9 | 17 | 0.529412 | 0.760052 | 0.125717 | 1.39439 | 0.548607 | 0.971497 | 0.337162 | 1.18294 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 9 | WLD09 | 17 | 30 | 0.566667 | 0.760052 | 0.282542 | 1.23756 | 0.600882 | 0.919222 | 0.441712 | 1.07839 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 10 | WLD10 | 10 | 24 | 0.416667 | 0.760052 | 0.22618 | 1.29392 | 0.582095 | 0.938009 | 0.404137 | 1.11597 | 6 on one side, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 11 | WLD11 | 17 | 17 | 1 | 0.760052 | 0.125717 | 1.39439 | 0.548607 | 0.971497 | 0.337162 | 1.18294 | 无 |
| 12 | WLD12 | 3 | 11 | 0.272727 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.54863 | 0.497191 | 1.02291 | 0.234331 | 1.28577 | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 13 | WLD13 | 13 | 18 | 0.722222 | 0.760052 | 0.143589 | 1.37651 | 0.554564 | 0.965539 | 0.349077 | 1.17103 | 无 |
| 14 | WLD14 | 8 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.58712 | 0.484361 | 1.03574 | 0.208671 | 1.31143 | 无 |
| 15 | WLD15 | 8 | 14 | 0.571429 | 0.760052 | 0.0610492 | 1.45905 | 0.527051 | 0.993053 | 0.29405 | 1.22605 | 无 |
| 16 | WLD16 | 17 | 22 | 0.772727 | 0.760052 | 0.202441 | 1.31766 | 0.574181 | 0.945922 | 0.388311 | 1.13179 | 无 |
| 17 | WLD17 | 7 | 17 | 0.411765 | 0.760052 | 0.125717 | 1.39439 | 0.548607 | 0.971497 | 0.337162 | 1.18294 | 6 on one side |
| 18 | WLD18 | 11 | 16 | 0.6875 | 0.760052 | 0.106195 | 1.41391 | 0.542099 | 0.978004 | 0.324147 | 1.19596 | 6 on one side |
| 19 | WLD19 | 13 | 22 | 0.590909 | 0.760052 | 0.202441 | 1.31766 | 0.574181 | 0.945922 | 0.388311 | 1.13179 | 6 on one side |
| 20 | WLD20 | 10 | 16 | 0.625 | 0.760052 | 0.106195 | 1.41391 | 0.542099 | 0.978004 | 0.324147 | 1.19596 | 6 on one side |
| 21 | WLD21 | 21 | 28 | 0.75 | 0.760052 | 0.265782 | 1.25432 | 0.595295 | 0.924808 | 0.430539 | 1.08956 | 6 on one side |
| 22 | WLD22 | 7 | 11 | 0.636364 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.54863 | 0.497191 | 1.02291 | 0.234331 | 1.28577 | 6 on one side |
| 23 | WLD23 | 9 | 10 | 0.9 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.58712 | 0.484361 | 1.03574 | 0.208671 | 1.31143 | 无 |
| 24 | WLD24 | 18 | 24 | 0.75 | 0.760052 | 0.22618 | 1.29392 | 0.582095 | 0.938009 | 0.404137 | 1.11597 | 无 |
| 25 | WLD25 | 12 | 23 | 0.521739 | 0.760052 | 0.214697 | 1.30541 | 0.578267 | 0.941837 | 0.396482 | 1.12362 | 无 |
| 26 | WLD26 | 17 | 24 | 0.708333 | 0.760052 | 0.22618 | 1.29392 | 0.582095 | 0.938009 | 0.404137 | 1.11597 | 无 |
| 27 | WLD27 | 18 | 27 | 0.666667 | 0.760052 | 0.256712 | 1.26339 | 0.592272 | 0.927832 | 0.424492 | 1.09561 | 无 |
| 28 | WLD28 | 21 | 30 | 0.7 | 0.760052 | 0.282542 | 1.23756 | 0.600882 | 0.919222 | 0.441712 | 1.07839 | 无 |
| 29 | WLD29 | 21 | 24 | 0.875 | 0.760052 | 0.22618 | 1.29392 | 0.582095 | 0.938009 | 0.404137 | 1.11597 | 无 |
| 30 | WLD30 | 4 | 12 | 0.333333 | 0.760052 | 0.00504267 | 1.51506 | 0.508382 | 1.01172 | 0.256712 | 1.26339 | 无 |
| 31 | WLD31 | 11 | 18 | 0.611111 | 0.760052 | 0.143589 | 1.37651 | 0.554564 | 0.965539 | 0.349077 | 1.17103 | 无 |
| 32 | WLD32 | 7 | 13 | 0.538462 | 0.760052 | 0.0346625 | 1.48544 | 0.518255 | 1.00185 | 0.276459 | 1.24364 | 无 |
| 33 | WLD33 | 10 | 18 | 0.555556 | 0.760052 | 0.143589 | 1.37651 | 0.554564 | 0.965539 | 0.349077 | 1.17103 | 无 |
| 34 | WLD34 | 39 | 24 | 1.625 | 0.760052 | 0.22618 | 1.29392 | 0.582095 | 0.938009 | 0.404137 | 1.11597 | Beyond 3σ, 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 35 | WLD35 | 23 | 20 | 1.15 | 0.760052 | 0.175224 | 1.34488 | 0.565109 | 0.954994 | 0.370167 | 1.14994 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 36 | WLD36 | 20 | 11 | 1.81818 | 0.760052 | 0 | 1.54863 | 0.497191 | 1.02291 | 0.234331 | 1.28577 | Beyond 3σ, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 37 | WLD37 | 31 | 23 | 1.34783 | 0.760052 | 0.214697 | 1.30541 | 0.578267 | 0.941837 | 0.396482 | 1.12362 | Beyond 3σ, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 38 | WLD38 | 21 | 16 | 1.3125 | 0.760052 | 0.106195 | 1.41391 | 0.542099 | 0.978004 | 0.324147 | 1.19596 | 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 39 | WLD39 | 29 | 18 | 1.61111 | 0.760052 | 0.143589 | 1.37651 | 0.554564 | 0.965539 | 0.349077 | 1.17103 | Beyond 3σ, 6 on one side, 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 40 | WLD40 | 35 | 29 | 1.2069 | 0.760052 | 0.274379 | 1.24572 | 0.598161 | 0.921943 | 0.43627 | 1.08383 | 6 on one side, 2 of 3 beyond 2σ, 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
控制图信号详情
每行给出一个检验索引或标签及一条规则。超出界限表示越界；其他规则标记的模式可能仍在界限内。同一样本可能触发多项规则。这些条目用于定位需要调查的检验，并非不合格装配件的数量。
| 索引（按返回值） | 控制图 | 规则 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 0 | u | 6 on one side |
| 1 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 1 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 1 | u | 6 on one side |
| 1 | u | 6 on one side |
| 11 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 16 | u | 6 on one side |
| 17 | u | 6 on one side |
| 18 | u | 6 on one side |
| 19 | u | 6 on one side |
| 2 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 2 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 2 | u | 6 on one side |
| 2 | u | 6 on one side |
| 2 | u | 6 on one side |
| 20 | u | 6 on one side |
| 21 | u | 6 on one side |
| 3 | u | 6 on one side |
| 3 | u | 6 on one side |
| 3 | u | 6 on one side |
| 3 | u | 6 on one side |
| 33 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 33 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 33 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 33 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 33 | u | 6 on one side |
| 33 | u | Beyond 3σ |
| 34 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 34 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 34 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 34 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 34 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 34 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 34 | u | 6 on one side |
| 34 | u | 6 on one side |
| 35 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 35 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 35 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 35 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 35 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 35 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 35 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 35 | u | 6 on one side |
| 35 | u | 6 on one side |
| 35 | u | Beyond 3σ |
| 36 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 36 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 36 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 36 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 36 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 36 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 36 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 36 | u | 6 on one side |
| 36 | u | 6 on one side |
| 36 | u | Beyond 3σ |
| 37 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 37 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 37 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 37 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 37 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 37 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 37 | u | 6 on one side |
| 37 | u | 6 on one side |
| 38 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 38 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 38 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 38 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 38 | u | 6 on one side |
| 38 | u | 6 on one side |
| 38 | u | Beyond 3σ |
| 39 | u | 2 of 3 beyond 2σ |
| 39 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 39 | u | 6 on one side |
| 4 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 4 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 4 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 4 | u | 6 on one side |
| 4 | u | 6 on one side |
| 4 | u | 6 on one side |
| 4 | u | 6 on one side |
| 4 | u | 6 on one side |
| 5 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 5 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 5 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 5 | u | 6 on one side |
| 5 | u | 6 on one side |
| 5 | u | 6 on one side |
| 5 | u | 6 on one side |
| 5 | u | 6 on one side |
| 6 | u | 6 on one side |
| 6 | u | 6 on one side |
| 6 | u | 6 on one side |
| 6 | u | 6 on one side |
| 7 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 7 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 7 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 7 | u | 6 on one side |
| 7 | u | 6 on one side |
| 7 | u | 6 on one side |
| 8 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 8 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 8 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 8 | u | 6 on one side |
| 8 | u | 6 on one side |
| 9 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 9 | u | 4 of 5 beyond 1σ |
| 9 | u | 6 on one side |
- 返回的信号索引从 0 开始；控制图中的子组编号从 1 开始。
6. 创建报告
保留英文 u control chart、摘要、各样本缺陷率与控制限，以及信号详情。说明缺陷率表示每个装配件的缺陷数，且各装配件的受检焊缝长度可比。记录对 WLD34、WLD36、WLD37 和 WLD39 的调查。
在已完成的运行中选择 Add to report 。打开 Choose individual items and advanced options 以选择表格和图表，然后选择 Add to draft。隐藏的项目仍会保留在已保存的分析中。
为报告命名，并添加研究目的和您的解读。选择 Save，查看 Preview，然后使用 Export → Download HTML。以下示例包含全部已选内容，包括超出单屏显示范围的结果。